Search results for "Additive function"
showing 10 items of 26 documents
Precision, Applicability, and Economic Implications: A Comparison of Alternative Biodiversity Offset Indexes
2021
AbstractThe rates of ecosystem degradation and biodiversity loss are alarming and current conservation efforts are not sufficient to stop them. The need for new tools is urgent. One approach is biodiversity offsetting: a developer causing habitat degradation provides an improvement in biodiversity so that the lost ecological value is compensated for. Accurate and ecologically meaningful measurement of losses and estimation of gains are essential in reaching the no net loss goal or any other desired outcome of biodiversity offsetting. The chosen calculation method strongly influences biodiversity outcomes. We compare a multiplicative method, which is based on a habitat condition index develo…
Additivity of affine designs
2020
We show that any affine block design $$\mathcal{D}=(\mathcal{P},\mathcal{B})$$ is a subset of a suitable commutative group $${\mathfrak {G}}_\mathcal{D},$$ with the property that a k-subset of $$\mathcal{P}$$ is a block of $$\mathcal{D}$$ if and only if its k elements sum up to zero. As a consequence, the group of automorphisms of any affine design $$\mathcal{D}$$ is the group of automorphisms of $${\mathfrak {G}}_\mathcal{D}$$ that leave $$\mathcal P$$ invariant. Whenever k is a prime p, $${\mathfrak {G}}_\mathcal{D}$$ is an elementary abelian p-group.
Perron type integral on compact zero-dimensional Abelian groups
2008
Perron and Henstock type integrals defined directly on a compact zero-dimensional Abelian group are studied. It is proved that the considered Perron type integral defined by continuous majorants and minorants is equivalent to the integral defined in the same way, but without assumption on continuity of majorants and minorants.
Macroscopic expressions of molecular adiabatic compressibility of methyl and ethyl caprate under high pressure and high temperature
2014
The molecular compressibility, which is a macroscopic quantity to reveal the microcompressibility by additivity of molecular constitutions, is considered as a fixed value for specific organic liquids. In this study, we introduced two calculated expressions of molecular adiabatic compressibility to demonstrate its pressure and temperature dependency. The first one was developed from Wada’s constant expression based on experimental data of density and sound velocity. Secondly, by introducing the 2D fitting expressions and their partial derivative of pressure and temperature, molecular compressibility dependency was analyzed further, and a 3D fitting expression was obtained from the calculated…
A CNDO/2 study on the additivity and the nature of the non-additivity of the substituent effects on13C NMR shifts in chlorobenzenes and chlorophenols
1980
The general correlation between the electron densities and the 13C NMR chemical shifts is found to be quite poor in the cases discussed. The non-additivities of the substituent effects on the chemical shifts and the CNDO/2 electron densities correlate only weakly. However, when the electron densities are made specific to different types of atomic orbitals, the s electrons have a pronounced effect in all the models tested. This is explained by an indirect effect on the 〈1/r3〉 term of the p electrons. Good correlations are found between the sums of the chemical shifts and the corresponding sums of the substituent charge excesses. The different behaviour of OH and Cl substituents in the additi…
A statistical study of the additivities of substituent effects in the13C NMR chemical shifts of hydroxy- and chloro-substituted benzenes
1980
The 13C NMR spectra of six hydroxybenzenes, all chlorobenzenes, all chlorophenols and eight chlorocatechols are measured and assigned. The additivity of the substituent effects and the usefulness of some corrective parameters are studied with regression analysis. The order of the chemical shifts is most efficiently predicted by the simplest substituent effect model, containing only the direct effects of the substituents, although the 95% confidence limits of the calculated shifts are as high as 5.6 ppm. If the chemical shifts need to be predicted within the measuring errors (approximately 0.05–0.10 ppm, in the present data), the number of necessary corrections is very impractical. The corre…
A complete characterization of all weakly additive measures and of all valuations on the canonical extension of any finite MV-chain
2010
We consider extensions of the unique additive measure on a finite MV-chain to uncertainty measures on its canonical Girard algebra extension. If the underlying MV-chain has more than two non-trivial elements, in a previous paper we have proved the non-existence of strongly additive measure extensions, where strong additivity is defined as additivity not for all disjoint unions but only restricted to the so-called divisible disjoint unions. This negative result motivates to look for weakly additive measure extensions which are defined to be additive only on all MV-subalgebras of the canonical Girard algebra extension. We obtain a characterization of all such MV-subalgebras which are in fact …
ADDITIVITY FROM MULTIPLE PRIMES IN IDENTIFYING BACKWARD WRITTEN WORDS
1988
Activational theories of memory assume that activation from several sources adds up to an intersecting node. We tested this idea in one experiment where we kept constant the number of primes presented and we manipulated the number of different primes related to the target, the number of presentations of the same prime, or the same target, presented as a prime. We used a task in which the target was always a word, which appeared written backward and had to be identified. We found a strong effect of target repetition and diminished priming in the condition in which the target was repeated. We obtained additivity (greater activation) mainly in the condition in which we presented several diffe…
Molecular equilibrium geometries based on coupled-cluster calculations including quadruple excitations
2005
Using analytic gradient techniques and an additivity scheme for the various electron correlation contributions, i.e. core-correlation, contribution due to full treatment of triple excitations and contributions due to quadruple excitations calculated with different basis sets, the accuracy of computed geometrical parameters are analysed in comparison with experiment. For a test set of 12 closed-shell and 5 open-shell molecules, it is found that inclusion of quadruple excitations is essential to reach agreement with experiment. The mean error of 0.002 pm and the standard deviation of 0.040 pm of the present CCSD(T)/cc-pV6Z + core(CCSD(T)/cc-pCVQZ) + T/cc-pVTZ + Q/cc-pVDZ results for the close…
A statistical study of the additivity of substituent effects on the5J(HH) long-range coupling constant of the formyl proton in substituted benzaldehy…
1982
The additivity of chloro and hydroxy substituent effects on the formyl proton spin-spin coupling constants with the meta ring proton, 5J(HH), has been tested with 15 chlorinated benzaldehydes and hydroxybenzaldehydes by multiple linear regression analysis. No general additivity rule was detected with whole data. Using benzaldehyde as the reference substance, a good correlation was achieved for p-hydroxybenzaldehydes. The same reference compound was not suitable for o-hydroxy derivatives; a much better correlation was observed using o-hydroxybenzaldehyde as a reference compound in the latter case.